HW5Wx,cI& The interviewees participated in member checking procedures (Harvey, 2015) as they first checked and approved the transcriptions verbatim and later commented on this article, ensuring that their sayings were correctly interpreted. 46 No. The aspect of combining fandom and career development has been studied in the framework of serious leisure in football fandom (Jones, 2000) and rock n roll fanatics' festival participation (Mackellar, 2009), but according to our knowledge not in the context of music festivals in general. Putting on a festival is a challenge, between having to pay artists enough to secure their performances, needing to sell a certain number of tickets in order to be successful, the additional costs of insurance and the risks of bad weather. It was also noted that frequent festivalgoers were musical influencers among their social group, since they actively searched for new and interesting music, and recommended music to their friends. As a Premium user you get access to the detailed source references and background information about this statistic. Manthiou, A., Lee, S., Tang, L. and Chiang, L. (2014), The experience economy approach to festival marketing: vivid memory and attendee loyalty, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Article publication date: 15 February 2021. Smith, W.G. He notes that the majority of the touring schedule for a band like the Offspring, which played Woodstock 99, now consists of festival performances. Music festivals in 2018 were attended by 23% of Americans. 2, pp. One guy has a freezer. Festival attendance was an important element of frequent festivalgoers' social life. A majority of domestic sales unsurprisingly came from the Western region, particularly California locals. Henry, P. and Caldwell, M. (2007), Imprinting, incubation and intensification: factors contributing to fan club formation and continuance, in Cova, B., Kozinets, R.V. This relates to the event travel career progression described by Buning and Gibson (2015) and Patterson et al. (2004), The portable community: mobility and modernization in bluegrass festival life, Symbolic Interaction, Vol. Taking second place with an attendance of about 2.7 million is Austria's Donauinselfest, taking place in Vienna over the course of three days in the middle of the Danube. Write to Mahita Gajanan at mahita.gajanan@time.com. Despite 2021 being far from a normal year in the music festival calendar, overall participation in attending festivals recovered to around 80% of its pre-pandemic level as just over a fifth (21%) of UK consumers attended a music festival in the year to March 2022, compared to 26% in the 12 months to May 2019. 3, pp. The involvement, proven to contain dimensions of pleasure, self-identity and centrality in lifestyle (Getz and Andersson, 2010, 2020), describes the depth of fan interest and has similarities with the psychological connection levels of PCM. 2023 TIME USA, LLC. 43 No. Nurturing a community driven by purpose, through mentoring. Nonetheless, its approximately two million visitors in 2019 granted it a sizable margin to the roughly 750,000 festival fans visiting Polish Pol'and'Rock festival in 2019. The relaxed attitude was necessary to enjoy the festival and to keep oneself and others in a good mood. Future research should focus on a specific musical genre, going deeper into the festival career that combines two types of fandom: for festivals and a musical genre. You only have access to basic statistics. In summary, music meant more to frequent festivalgoers and they also consumed more live music in general than casual festivalgoers, which can be interpreted as fandom for artists, musical genres, or both. Leisure career studies, on the other hand, concentrate heavily on sports events (Buning and Gibson, 2015; Getz and Patterson, 2013) as if career development in a hobby would require a measurable activity. Past festivals 2009. 4, pp. Li, X. and Petrick, J.F. 323-333. Use Ask Statista Research Service, This question was phrased by the source as follows: "Have you ever attended the following festivals and events? They become something thats ingrained into the culture.. 1068-1079. 1, pp. 5, pp. hb``` Festivals have since evolved from the DIY, communal spirit of Woodstock, growing into mainstream businesses that reap profits and embrace corporate sponsorships, as more than 32 million people attend them each year, according to Billboard. Overall, the. At the camping site, people chilled out to the point that they might not even enter the festival area (cf. As of March 2020, the exhibition and events industry had lost 14.4 billion euros (16.5 billion USD). Get full access to all features within our Business Solutions. and Barroso, J. 0000004924 00000 n
(2016). And alongside their rise in popularity, hundreds of smaller, niche or genre-specific festivals have flourished. Nonetheless, its approximately two million visitors in 2019 granted it a sizable margin to the roughly 750,000 festival fans visiting Polish Pol'and'Rock festival in 2019. 0000002421 00000 n
Maarit Kinnunen is the corresponding author and can be contacted at: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEFM-08-2020-0050, http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode, http://www.festivals.fi/tilastot/festivaalien-kayntimaarat-2019/, https://ses.se/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Supplemental-Fan-Survey-Data1.pdf, https://www.livefin.fi/festivaalibarometri2020/, http://tilastokeskus.fi/til/vpa/2017/01/vpa_2017_01_2018-11-21_tie_001_en.html, Vocational school or upper secondary school, Managerial position, entrepreneur / self-employed, Other (pensioner, housewife / husband, and so on. Large corporate live music promoters, such as Live Nation or AEG Live, have, in recent years, acquired hefty controlling stakes in some of the countrys biggest festivals. Attendance at music concerts and festivals in the United Kingdom (UK) increased slightly in 2019 to reach just under 34 million. Greene, J. Most of them had a vocational or upper secondary school education and they were mainly students or blue-collar workers earning less than 30,000 per year. Furthermore, he defined that event travel career embraces general and event-specific motives, progression through time (amount and type of events), geographic preferences and patterns, evolving preferences (event characteristics, travel arrangements) and modified behavior (travel companion, event-specific holidays) (Getz, 2008). 97-113. We are happy to help. On the hobby side, he quit sailing since it took too much time from festival participation, and he changed friends to younger ones since the older ones did not attend festivals any more due to other priorities. The most important key figures provide you with a compact summary of the topic of "Live Music" and take you straight to the corresponding statistics. 226-237. The number of interviews was quite low. 128-147. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEFM-08-2020-0050, Copyright 2021, Maarit Kinnunen, Antti Honkanen and Mervi Luonila, Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. It is quite natural to presume that frequent music festival attendance might include many of the aspects included in the event travel career. 5, pp. Additionally, socialities influence travel careers as the same interests create friendships among enthusiasts (Getz and Patterson, 2013). The relationship with music was stronger for frequent than casual festivalgoers in the following items: Music is one of the most important things in my life, I actively search for new music that interests me, I actively recommend artists, pieces and albums to my friends, I usually listen to music concentrating and burying myself in it,, Making and playing music is one of the most important things in my life and I usually listen to music with friends, acquaintances and like-minded people.. Chirinos says that through help from large music conglomerates, festivals like Coachella and Bonnaroo have become akin to household brand names. Sandelowski, M., Voils, C.I. 6, pp. 17 No. Crowding into a park for a surprise performance that turns out to be Dolly Parton at the Newport Folk Festival. You know that if you attend an event alone you'll surely see at least one familiar face there. (Anna). Most Super Bowl wins by NFL team 1967-2023, Average ticket price in the NFL by team 2021, FIFA World Ranking: top male soccer teams 2022, Athletic footwear global market share by company 2015, Health & Fitness Clubs - Statistics & Facts, Sporting goods industry in the U.S. - statistics & facts, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. 1, pp. Loyalty has been a popular research subject in festival studies, and it has been mainly handled as a result of positive experience or satisfaction (Manthiou et al., 2014), not because of festival career development. Live Nation and TicketMaster (2020), COVID-19 impact from live music fans, 7 May, available at: https://ses.se/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Supplemental-Fan-Survey-Data1.pdf (accessed 5 January 2021). Fandom entails an emotional relationship towards the object of fandom that will be called fan interest from now on. Pauli started to prefer festivals abroad after his first visit to the Sziget festival in Hungary was so inspiring. The roots of rhythm music festivals in Finland can be found already in the 1960s, when the Pori Jazz festival was founded, and the first instance organized in the city of Pori. [Amount of festival visits 2019], available at: The psychological continuum model: a conceptual framework for understanding an individual's psychological connection to sport, The portable community: mobility and modernization in bluegrass festival life, Event Studies: Theory, Research and Policy for Planned Events, Event tourism: definition, evolution, and research, The event-tourist career trajectory: a study of high-involvement amateur distance runners, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, Testing the event travel career trajectory in multiple participation sports, Serious sport tourism and event travel careers, Social worlds as a framework for event and travel careers, Beyond member-checking: a dialogic approach to the research interview, International Journal of Research and Method in Education, Imprinting, incubation and intensification: factors contributing to fan club formation and continuance, Gender, Metal and the Media: Women Fans and the Gendered Experience of Music, Mixed methods in international business research: a value-added perspective, A model of serious leisure identification: the case of football fandom, What's my scene: festival fandom and the application of the big day out stage, Collective Emotions: Perspectives from Psychology, Philosophy, and Sociology, Serious Leisure, Participation and Experience in Tourism: Authenticity and Ritual in a Renaissance Festival, Total Festival Experience: A Mixed Methods Research Approach to Consumer Experiences in Finnish Cultural Festivals, Visitor discourses on experiences: reasons for festival success and failure, Festivaalibarometri 2018: Yleiskatsaus ja olennaisimmat muutokset 20142018 [Festival Barometer 2018: Overview and Biggest Changes in 20142018], Social sustainability in adolescents' music event attendance, Festivals in Focus: Contemporary European Case-Studies and Perspectives, Where are the hooligans? The Statista "Chart of the Day" currently focuses For instance, one might start attending festivals in different locations or countries, or attending festivals alone might become a new practice. 32 No. First, a music festival attendee might be a fan of an artist. Strategically, through the social practices mentioned during, before, and after the festival, frequent festivalgoers have the potential to be actors in the production networks who mobilise the co-creation of a sense of community (Rihova et al., 2018) or festival brand (Suomi et al., 2020). Then, theres the flipsidenot all music festivals are meant for the mainstream, and not all programmers want the influence of big promoters. 38 No. Kim, H. (2004), Serious Leisure, Participation and Experience in Tourism: Authenticity and Ritual in a Renaissance Festival, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. In the context of the present study, frequent music festival attendance is expected to fulfil the characteristics of festival career development: if the introduction to festivals that is, the first festival experience was positive, it might lead to extensive festival attendance where the participant seeks new, positive and inspiring experiences at festivals. (2015) (see also Kinnunen et al., 2020). Festivals in the UK industry outlook (2022-2027) poll Average industry growth 2022-2027: x.x lock Purchase this report or a membership to unlock the average company profit margin for this industry. Live Nation also controls, or partially controls, festivals like Lollapalooza and Austin City Limits, among several dozen others. Jones (2015) saw a postmodern music festival fan as a musical nomad who enjoyed the festival experience in general, not specific music per se. 0000001066 00000 n
modern rock, classic rock, and pop. Location: Del Mar, California. In, Statista. (Eds), Consumer Tribes, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. Here, its, Have you been to Coachella? In the United Kingdom, its, Have you been to Glastonbury? Chirinos says. Jones, I. Sofia and her friends occupied the same spot every midsummer at the camping site of Nummirock metal festival, and their camp was well-equipped, even though the neighbors went even further: Generally it lasts from Tuesday or Wednesday to Sunday [] In our crowd, one couple brings the pavillion, another one brings in the fire wood [] One guy always brings a sofa [] But you know, we have NOTHING compared with others: they have portable generators and stuff to get electricity. Accessed March 01, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1101275/largest-uk-music-festivals/, Statista. Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2006), Using thematic analysis in psychology, Qualitative Research in Psychology, Vol. 211-226. Taylor Swift's Reputation Stadium Tour is the highest-grossing tour in the US and North American history, grossing $266.1 million. You need a Statista Account for unlimited access. These are, on the other hand, core constituents of social sustainability as defined by Quinn and Wilks (2016) and Rihova et al. Access to this and all other statistics on 80,000 topics from, Show sources information 164-181. As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. Please do not hesitate to contact me. Coronavirus impact on live music in the UK, Advertising spending in the U.S. 2020-2024, Film industry in the United States and Canada - statistics & facts, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. As a consequence, festival fans have grown to appreciate live music and festivals more than ever (LiveFIN, 2020; Live Nation and TicketMaster, 2020). Thats what we try to offer., The Newport Folk Festival, which started back in 1959, is another one that has managed to adapt enough to remain a draw to crowds without compromising its vision to meet to attract corporate sponsorships. Kinnunen et al., 2020). She attended one new festival per year and a total of ten festivals a year: I always aim to attend ten but this year it was only nine because I ran out of money (laugh). Festival attendance also increased fans' well-being (cf. Kossakowski, R. (2017), Where are the hooligans? Photo Credit: Carlos Alfonso One week following the. As the participation frequency in music festivals increases, the importance of the festival program often lessens, at least in festivals with which the attendee is familiar; in this case, a frequent festivalgoer expects to meet familiar faces, have social interactions and experience a communal and relaxed atmosphere, all of which makes the visit pleasurable, fulfils the needs of identity building and helps in coping with everyday life. Need infographics, animated videos, presentations, data research or social media charts? Attendance at the 2019 event, which took place Aug. 1-11 was 1,226,000, topping the previous record of 1,196,000 set in 2017. Wood, E.H. and Kinnunen, M. (2020), Emotion, memory and re-collective value: shared festival experiences, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. Interviewees pointed out that they might attend a festival alone since they knew that there were friends and acquaintances they met only at the festival in question: There are acquaintances all around Europe. Overall, Mintel estimates the value of the UK music festivals and concerts market to be worth just over 2.6 billion in 2019, up from 2.46 billion in 2018. (Australia Council for the Arts, 2010; Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007). Big Performer: Ziggy Marley. When I started Four Chords, there were two other big [festivals], he says. liability for the information given being complete or correct. Quantitative analysis was used to describe the characteristics of frequent festivalgoers compared to casual ones, as well as to define their relationship with music. 28 No. Dec 2020 - Jun 20221 year 7 months. Frequent festivalgoers socialised at festivals, but not only with friends since they also made new friends at festivals, as Pekka illustrated: We got acquainted in Denmark [Roskilde Festival] with four Finnish girls: It was awfully crowded there and they didnt find any place to camp. Cole, S.T. OSF (2018), Participation in Leisure Activities: Changes in Cultural Participation 2017, Official Statistics Finland, Helsinki, available at: http://tilastokeskus.fi/til/vpa/2017/01/vpa_2017_01_2018-11-21_tie_001_en.html (accessed 28 August 2020). Interviewees were aware that their own behavior influenced others since the positive state of mind spread around the attendees. He was the chairman of the Finnish Society for Tourism Research 20102019. A 2019 Deloitte survey of millennialsa group that makes up at least 45% of the 32 million people who attend music festivals finds that most value experiences: 57% of respondents said they. 7. 12 No. Lamont, M., Kennelly, M. and Wilson, E. (2012), Competing priorities as constraints in event travel careers, Tourism Management, Vol. Fandom, on the other hand, might be developed through increased consumption or vice versa; increased consumption and career development might emerge because of fandom (Lexhagen et al., 2019; Mackellar, 2009). 1, pp. data than referenced in the text. Secondly, planning took place a few days before the festival by packing enough but not too much and making a schedule of the performances to be followed. Campers organized activities like football and frisbee and all kinds of drinking games (Pekka), which made socializing and getting to know each other easier. Nordvall, A., Pettersson, R., Svensson, B. and Brown, S. (2014), Designing events for social interaction, Event Management, Vol. Statista offers daily infographics about trending topics, covering:Economy & Finance, Politics & Society, Tech & Media, Health & Environment, Consumer, Sports and many more. 3, pp. Festivarian code (Gardner, 2004), a positive state of mind and respect for other participants, facilitates communality and everyone's enjoyment at the event. Due to varying update cycles, statistics can display more up-to-date Pearce, P.L. held from March 8-10, 2019 at the University of Sheffield and Sheffield Town Hall. High attendance in music festivals, in turn, was a manifestation of festival fandom. In the literature review, first the history of travel and event career developments is introduced, followed by the conceptualization of musical fandom. Each of the major music festivals in the US, such as Coachella, Stagecoach and Desert Trip, generate around 100 tonnes of solid waste every day, while an estimated 23,500 tonnes of waste are. proper attribution to Statista. Live music, in comparison, made only a fraction of this amount, generating roughly $5.5 billion the year before the pandemic started. The main questions in her current studies are intertwined with the cultural, social and economic impacts and long-term effectiveness of creative productions, particularly in the context of arts and cultural events and festivals. [Online]. Furthermore, in career models, increased consumption influences motivation. The positive attitude was necessary, for instance, if the weather was not so good like Anna illustrated: If it's raining, I'm the one who thinks that I have to cheer up the folks (laugh).. Statistical methods used were chi-square, correlation and MannWhitney U-tests. 239-245. Luonila, M. and Johansson, T. (2015), The role of festivals and events in the regional development of cities cases of two Finnish cities, Event Management, Vol. 16-20. The present study contributes to festival career theory by showing the interconnection between festival career development and festival fandom. world relating to economic and political issues as well as Gardner, 2004). under the Creative Commons License CC BY-ND 3.0, may be used 0000002309 00000 n
135,000 plus the potential for a further 7,000. Overall, the music industry sector generated $23.1 billion in revenue in 2019 with recorded music according to IFPI data. The main limitation of the study was the voluntary response sample used for the survey. All Rights Reserved. 33 No. 23-38. 171 Media/Press in Attendance 492 Sessions 8,274 Conference Attendees 4,653 Public Attendees 1,202 Speakers 79,525 Square Feet Exhibit Space 161 Thus, fans' performance (Duffett, 2013, p. 28) was part of the festival product, their behavior improved the product and consciously co-created the positive festival atmosphere. Pearce and Caltabiano (1983) introduced the concept of the motivational career in travel, later Travel Career Ladder (Pearce, 1988), where a travelers motivational factors or needs change through time. "Largest Music Festivals in The United Kingdom in 2019, by Audience Capacity. A frequent festivalgoer is a committed and loyal festival attendee who often shares the values that a festival represents. (Sofia). 52 No. Music festival attendance might also be a vehicle for various types of fandom developing one's self-image and offering a shared in-group identity. and Chancellor, H.C. (2009), Examining the festival attributes that impact visitor experience, satisfaction and re-visit intention, Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol. Hurmerinta-Peltomki, L. and Nummela, N. (2006), Mixed methods in international business research: a value-added perspective, Management International Review, Vol. Teosto (2018), Keikkakartta [Map of Gigs], Finnish Composers' Copyright Society Teosto, Helsinki, available at: https://www.teosto.fi/keikkakartta (accessed 28 August 2020). and Burland, K. (2013), Listening to live jazz: an individual or social act?, Arts Marketing: An International Journal, Vol. Within the last decade, music festivals have grown into a major moneymaker in a competitive industry that sees hundreds of such events each year in the U.S. 4 No. 4, pp. This action might justify the festival's existence by empowered legitimacy through frequent festivalgoers' subjective contribution to the production (see Luonila et al., 2019), and foster attendance motivation among new festival audiences. 403-428. A suitable candidate for this is metal music, since it is exceptionally popular in Finland, metal fans are very loyal festival attendees (Kinnunen et al., 2019a), and there are several festivals that concentrate on metal music. Positive festival experiences influence future intentions and loyalty (Cole and Chancellor, 2009), either towards a specific festival or music festivals in general. Apr 2021 - May 20221 year 2 months. 35 No. 2, pp. Business Solutions including all features. Our standard is 660 pixels, but you can customize how the statistic is displayed to suit your site by setting the width and the display size. The shared affect facilitated communication and encouraged bridging (Quinn and Wilks, 2016). 4, pp. Audiences are keen to connect to the artist, he says. Kinnunen, M., Homi, H. and Honkanen, A. The implementation of methods was done sequentially: the quantitative analysis was conducted first and qualitative next. During the festival, attendees feel strong, if only temporary, social links among complete strangers (Rihova et al., 2015, p. 79) inside festival communitas that is free of everyday social and economic constraints. According to organizer reports, Morocco's Mawazine came in first the second time in a row with an attendance of roughly 2.8 million. Pitts, S.E. Getz, D. and Patterson, I. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. non-commercial websites. AEG Live has helped to produce Coachella, Firefly and Stagecoach through ownership of the promoter Goldenvoice. There was a statistically significant, strong positive correlation between them (rs=0.380, p=0.000). Live music attendees (including popular and classical music) are 23% more likely to report very good or excellent health. As streaming becomes one of the most popular ways to listen to music, sales of tickets and merchandise make up the bulk of fans expenditures on music. Sinclair, G. and Dolan, P. (2015), Heavy metal figurations: music consumption, subcultural control and civilizing processes, Marketing Theory, Vol. LiveFIN (2020), Festivaalibarometrin 13 000 osallistujaa kertoivat suuresta ikvstn festivaaleille [13 000 respondents of the Finnish Festival Barometer describe their intense longing for festivals], 11 December, available at: https://www.livefin.fi/festivaalibarometri2020/ (accessed 5 January 2021). Memphis Grizzly fans attend an NBA playoff game . De Groot, M. and Robinson, T. (2008), Sport fan attachment and the Psychological Continuum Model: a case study of an Australian football league fan, Leisure / Loisir, Vol. Shares the values that a festival represents audiences are keen to connect to the event career... The shared affect facilitated communication and encouraged bridging ( Quinn and Wilks, 2016 ) popular... And not all programmers want the influence of big promoters the attendees //www.statista.com/statistics/1101275/largest-uk-music-festivals/, Statista I started Four,... Media charts the Creative Commons License CC BY-ND 3.0, may be used 0000002309 n... Emotional relationship towards the object of fandom developing one 's self-image and offering a shared identity! Familiar face there [ festivals ], he says as this statistic the additional features of your individual.., a at the University of Sheffield and Sheffield Town Hall see at least one familiar there! Festivals abroad after his first visit to the artist, he says, the portable community: mobility modernization... Turn, was a manifestation of festival fandom others since the positive state of mind spread around attendees!, niche or genre-specific festivals Have flourished Qualitative Research in psychology, Vol to keep oneself and in... 1068-1079 you get access to the point that they might not even the... Up-To-Date Pearce, P.L site, people chilled out to the detailed source references and background about. Genre-Specific festivals Have flourished audiences are keen to connect to the point they! Others in a good mood Pearce, P.L interconnection between festival career theory showing... Might be a vehicle for various types of fandom developing one 's self-image and a! Limits, among several dozen others an important element of frequent festivalgoers ' social.! Life, Symbolic Interaction, Vol Bureau of statistics, 2007 ) significant, strong positive correlation between (... By purpose, through mentoring the literature review, first the history of travel and event career developments introduced. Significant, strong positive correlation between them ( rs=0.380, p=0.000 ) good mood Article publication:. Revenue in 2019 with recorded music according to organizer reports, Morocco 's Mawazine came in first the time... 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